| Model | Description | Examples | Customer Responsibilities |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) | Virtualized computing resources over the internet | AWS EC2, Microsoft Azure VMs, Google Compute Engine | Applications, runtime, middleware, data, OS |
| Platform as a Service (PaaS) | Platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications | Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App Service, Heroku | Applications, data |
| Software as a Service (SaaS) | Software applications delivered over the internet | Google Workspace, Microsoft Office 365, Salesforce | Data, user configuration |
| Model | Description | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Public Cloud | Services offered over the public internet | Cost-effective, scalable, no maintenance | Less control, security concerns |
| Private Cloud | Cloud services used exclusively by one organization | Greater control, security, customization | Higher cost, requires maintenance |
| Hybrid Cloud | Combination of public and private clouds | Flexibility, optimization, compliance | Complexity, integration challenges |
| Community Cloud | Shared infrastructure for organizations with common concerns | Shared costs, similar requirements | Limited to specific communities |
| Provider | Key Services | Strengths | Market Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| AWS (Amazon Web Services) | EC2, S3, Lambda, RDS, CloudFormation | Market leader, extensive services, global reach | ~32% |
| Microsoft Azure | VMs, Storage, Functions, SQL Database, Resource Manager | Enterprise integration, hybrid solutions, Microsoft ecosystem | ~20% |
| Google Cloud Platform | Compute Engine, Cloud Storage, BigQuery, Cloud Functions | Big data, machine learning, open source | ~10% |
| IBM Cloud | Cloud Foundry, Kubernetes, Watson, Blockchain | Enterprise solutions, AI, consulting services | ~5% |
| Oracle Cloud | Database Cloud, Application Cloud, Infrastructure Cloud | Database solutions, enterprise applications | ~2% |
| Characteristic | Description | Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| On-demand self-service | Users can provision resources without human interaction | Convenience, automation, faster deployment |
| Broad network access | Resources available over the network via standard mechanisms | Accessibility, mobility, flexibility |
| Resource pooling | Resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers | Efficiency, cost savings, scalability |
| Rapid elasticity | Resources can be rapidly provisioned and released | Scalability, cost optimization, agility |
| Measured service | Resource usage is monitored, controlled, and reported | Transparency, optimization, pay-per-use |
| Service | Provider | Type | Use Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| S3 (Simple Storage Service) | AWS | Object Storage | Backup, archive, content distribution |
| S3 Glacier | AWS | Archive Storage | Long-term backup, compliance |
| Amazon EBS | AWS | Block Storage | Database storage, VM boot volumes |
| Amazon EFS | AWS | File Storage | Shared file systems, content management |
| Azure Blob Storage | Microsoft Azure | Object Storage | Unstructured data, media content |
| Azure Files | Microsoft Azure | File Storage | Shared file access, lift and shift |
| Google Cloud Storage | Google Cloud | Object Storage | Backup, content serving, analytics |
| Google Persistent Disk | Google Cloud | Block Storage | VM storage, database storage |
| Service | Provider | Type | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| EC2 | AWS | Virtual Machines | Scalable, variety of instance types |
| Lambda | AWS | Serverless Functions | Event-driven, no server management |
| ECS/EKS | AWS | Container Services | Docker container orchestration |
| Azure VMs | Microsoft Azure | Virtual Machines | Windows/Linux VMs, hybrid integration |
| Azure Functions | Microsoft Azure | Serverless Functions | Event-driven, multiple language support |
| Azure Kubernetes Service | Microsoft Azure | Container Orchestration | Managed Kubernetes service |
| Google Compute Engine | Google Cloud | Virtual Machines | High-performance computing, custom machines |
| Google Cloud Functions | Google Cloud | Serverless Functions | Lightweight, event-driven functions |
| Google Kubernetes Engine | Google Cloud | Container Orchestration | Managed Kubernetes environment |
| Service | Provider | Type | Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| RDS | AWS | Relational Database | MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server |
| DynamoDB | AWS | NoSQL Database | Key-value, document, serverless |
| Redshift | AWS | Data Warehouse | Analytics, columnar storage |
| DocumentDB | AWS | Document Database | MongoDB-compatible |
| Azure SQL Database | Microsoft Azure | Relational Database | Managed SQL Server |
| Azure Cosmos DB | Microsoft Azure | Global NoSQL | Multi-model, globally distributed |
| Google Cloud SQL | Google Cloud | Relational Database | MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server |
| Google BigQuery | Google Cloud | Data Warehouse | Serverless, analytics, machine learning |
| Service | Provider | Function | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| AWS IAM | AWS | Identity and Access Management | User authentication, permission control |
| AWS KMS | AWS | Key Management Service | Encryption key management |
| AWS CloudTrail | AWS | Audit and Logging | API call tracking, compliance |
| Azure Active Directory | Microsoft Azure | Identity Management | Single sign-on, multi-factor authentication |
| Azure Security Center | Microsoft Azure | Security Management | Threat detection, security policies |
| Google Cloud IAM | Google Cloud | Identity and Access Management | Resource access control |
| Google Cloud Security Command Center | Google Cloud | Security and Risk Management | Security posture management |
| Service | Provider | Function | Benefits |
|---|---|---|---|
| VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) | AWS | Virtual Network | Isolated network environment |
| Virtual Network | Azure | Virtual Network | Connectivity to Azure resources |
| Virtual Private Cloud | Google Cloud | Virtual Network | Global, scalable networking |
| CloudFront | AWS | Content Delivery Network | Global content distribution |
| Azure CDN | Microsoft Azure | Content Delivery Network | Global content caching |
| Cloud CDN | Google Cloud | Content Delivery Network | Global content delivery |
| Route 53 | AWS | DNS Service | Domain name resolution |
| Service | Provider | Function | Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| CloudWatch | AWS | Monitoring and Observability | Metric collection, alarms, logs |
| CloudFormation | AWS | Infrastructure as Code | Template-based resource management |
| Azure Monitor | Microsoft Azure | Monitoring and Diagnostics | Performance monitoring, log analytics |
| Azure Resource Manager | Microsoft Azure | Resource Management | Template-based deployment |
| Stackdriver | Google Cloud | Operations Suite | Monitoring, logging, error reporting |
| Google Cloud Deployment Manager | Google Cloud | Infrastructure as Code | Template-based resource deployment |
| Model | Description | Advantages | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pay-as-you-go | Pay only for resources consumed | Cost optimization, no upfront costs | Variable workloads, startups |
| Reserved Instances | Prepay for capacity to get discount | Significant cost savings, predictable costs | Steady-state applications |
| Spot Instances | Unused capacity at discounted prices | Up to 90% savings, flexible workloads | Batch processing, fault-tolerant apps |
| On-demand | Pay for resources when needed | No commitment, flexibility | Short-term, unpredictable workloads |
| Enterprise Discount | Volume-based pricing for large organizations | Significant savings for large usage | Enterprise customers |
| Strategy | Description | When to Use | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rehost (Lift and Shift) | Move applications without changes | Quick migration, minimal risk | VMs to cloud VMs |
| Replatform (Lift, Tinker and Shift) | Optimize applications during migration | Performance improvement needed | Move to managed databases |
| Refactor (Re-architect) | Redesign application for cloud-native | Modernization needed | Monolith to microservices |
| Rearchitect | Significant application changes | Cloud-native capabilities needed | Add serverless components |
| Retire | Decommission unnecessary applications | Outdated or unused applications | Legacy systems |
| Retain | Keep applications on-premises | Regulatory or technical constraints | Applications with strict requirements |